STUDY DESIGN

RESTORATION & INTERVENTION MEASURES

Nature restoration measures comprise reforestations (white circles), restoration of aquatic-terrestrial linkages (white triangles), wetland restoration (white square), restoration of wildlife corridors (white crosses) and improving green infrastructure (white asterisk) in rural and urban areas. Rewilding ranges from reintroducing raptors and owls to reintroduction of small to medium-sized mammals (e.g., beavers and opossums). Public health interventions include separating sewage from natural stream water by closing open sewers, improving environmental characteristics (e.g., improve trash disposal, remove water containers, improve recycling through local cooperatives) and putting up mosquito screens.

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ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES

Vectors comprise mosquitoes and different types of ectoparasites. We will additionally study pathogens in the environment (soil, water, sediment). 

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HUMAN DIMENSION

Human dimension comprises questionnaires to gather information about human exposure and collecting blood samples from volunteer
participants to test for infection status with locally important zoonotic/vector-borne pathogens.